Radio astronomy reveals a universe beyond the visible light spectrum by detecting radio waves emitted by celestial objects, uncovering unique phenomena such as pulsars, interstellar molecules, and active galactic nuclei. Central to this field is the use of radio telescopes to capture, amplify, and analyze faint cosmic radio signals, a process involving intricate signal collection, interferometry, and data processing techniques. Understanding these principles and analyzing the design, performance, and scientific output of globally representative radio telescopes is crucial for evaluating current observational capabilities and guiding future advancements. The main research contents of this paper include the analysis of the parabolic surface, feed source, Analog-to-Digital Converter, the hydrogen 21cm line, Doppler effect in radio telescope, as well as specific studies on two radio telescopesthe Parkes Radio Telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The research objective of this paper is to integrate the scattered research findings and theoretical principles in this field, analyze existing achievements, and propose projections for future developments in this domain. Based on a review of relevant literature, this study employed methodologies including literature analysis, case studies, and a comprehensive review. It outlines fundamental principles and processes relevant to radio telescopes and analyzes two specific cases. Future perspectives for advancements in this field are also proposed.
Yongchen Zong (Wed,) studied this question.