Islamic Values and the Civil State: A Systematic Review on the Application of Maqasid Al-Shariah in Madani Nation-Building

This systematic literature review explores the integration of Islamic values in the conceptualization of the civil state, focusing particularly on the application of Maqasid al-Shariah across various domains. The study addresses a growing academic interest in how Islamic principles, especially those rooted in Shariah objectives, can inform contemporary governance, policy, and ethical frameworks within modern civil society. Despite numerous discussions on Islamic governance, there remains a lack of synthesized understanding regarding how Maqasid al-Shariah intersects with current global challenges. Using an advanced search strategy on Scopus and Web of Science databases, and guided by the PRISMA framework, the review was conducted based on two primary keywords: “Islamic education” and “AI”. A total of 571 records were initially identified, and after a rigorous screening and eligibility process, 35 articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The findings were thematically categorized into three major areas: (1) Maqasid al-Shariah in Ethics, Law, and Governance, which examines Islamic perspectives on corporate ethics, social responsibility, and legal inclusivity; (2) Maqasid al-Shariah in Human Wellbeing, Social Justice, and Public Policy, which focuses on mental health, public service, zakah, and holistic development; and (3) Maqasid al-Shariah in Environmental Ethics, Bioethics, and Sustainability, which discusses Islamic responses to modern challenges such as biotechnology, ethical economics, and philanthropic reform. This review highlights the multidimensional role of Maqasid al-Shariah as a normative and functional framework capable of guiding policy, promoting justice, and supporting inclusive civil development. The study concludes that Islamic values, when interpreted through the lens of Maqasid al-Shariah, offer constructive pathways for rethinking governance, ethics, and sustainability in the civil state model.