The legal and institutional framework in the protection of refugees in uganda: A focus on state responsibility and international cooperation

Uganda hosts over 1.5 million refugees, making it one of the largest refugee-hosting countries globally. This study examines the legal and institutional framework for refugee protection in Uganda, focusing on state responsibility and international cooperation. It assesses how Uganda’s domestic laws align with international refugee law and evaluates the effectiveness of mechanisms in ensuring protection. While Uganda is noted for its progressive policies, challenges remain in safeguarding the safety and dignity of refugees. Key legal frameworks analysed include the Refugee Act Cap 312, the Refugee Regulations of 2010, and the National Refugee Policy. The research also highlights the roles of international partners like the UNHCR in supporting Uganda’s efforts. Through qualitative analysis and doctrinal research, the study identifies gaps and inconsistencies in the refugee protection system and suggests that implementation is often hampered by limited resources and institutional capacity. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing institutional coordination, increasing resource allocation, and strengthening international partnerships to create a comprehensive approach to refugee welfare. The findings aim to inform more effective refugee protection policies and practices in Uganda and beyond.