Macro-microscopical and physicochemical evaluations of Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson stem

Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. inner cortical cells with plenty of ovoidal starch grains and prismatic crystals. The characteristic features like stellate arrangement of secondary xylems; semicircular strips of continuous secondary phloem, etc. Colour change upon chemical interaction of T. crispa stem powder with different reagents revealed characteristic colours under visible and UV light. The results of the present study will help to confirm the authenticity of T. crispa stem and it will aid to distinguish the plant from its allied species, even in crushed or powdered form.