Multi-carrier communication systems (MCCS), characterized by their ability to transmit data over multiple subcarriers, have become the backbone of modern wireless communication because of their great spectral efficiency and resistance to frequency-selective fading. These systems, especially orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), provide strong transmission and maximum spectral efficiency, which makes them essential for standards like fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR), next-generation networks and fourth-generation long-term evolution (4G-LTE). Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction is a critical challenge in MCCS, particularly OFDM, due to its high PAPR, which impacts power efficiency and signal distortion. High PAPR in OFDM systems leads to nonlinear distortions in the power amplifier, resulting in degraded system performance, spectrum spreading and increased error rates. This review explores classification of various PAPR reduction techniques that have been developed to address these challenges, broadly categorized into five types namely multiple signaling and probabilistic techniques, signal distortion techniques, coding-based techniques, hybrid techniques and neural network techniques. This paper examines the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of various techniques in various scenarios for efficient algorithm design. The findings underscore the necessity for innovative solutions to enable power-efficient, high-quality transmission in next-generation networks.
Jain et al. (Fri,) studied this question.