In this study, structural, thermal, morphological, and optical properties of chitosan (CS) films functionalized with natural dyes extracted from discarded Bougainvillea bracts (DBG) were studied. The 1H NMR and 13C NMR data were used to provide a thorough understanding of the chemical components of the extracted DBG dye. The DBG dye has functional groups, such as OH, NH, C = O, and C = C, as identified by FTIR analysis. Dye-doped CS films exhibited a diminished and broadened OH band, indicating hydrogen bonding. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer in order to prevent film brittleness. The green-synthesized CS-dye-doped films show enhanced optical characteristics with varying amounts of DBG dye. The optical energy band gap is assessed by analyzing the dielectric loss, while the kinds of electronic transitions in the films are identified using Tauc's method. It shows that the energy gap decreases from 5.15 to 2.10 eV. This is ascribed to an improvement in the density of states. The XRD study shows a reduction in the amorphous phase; also, the Urbach energy values confirm an increase in crystallinity. Various optoelectronic parameters were studied at different concentrations of the dye. Furthermore, the TGA study indicates that the incorporation of the DBG enhances the thermal stability of CS. The optical characteristics investigation revealed that waste floral dyes (DBG) are an effective dopant for modifying the band structure of functional polymers, surpassing other typical fillers. Thermal examination through TGA established the impact of the dye on thermal stability.
Huseen et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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