Exercise-Based Strategies for the Management and Prevention of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Review

Sarcopenia, characterized by the decline in muscle mass and function that occurs with aging, is a significant clinical condition that threatens independent living in older adults. It leads to reduced physical capacity, greater risk of falls, and deterioration in quality of life, creating a considerable burden on healthcare systems. The purpose of this review is to examine comprehensively the role of current exercise modalities in the management of sarcopenia, in light of its pathophysiology and epidemiological characteristics. Progressive resistance training, power-oriented exercises, low load blood flow restriction training, combined programs, and multicomponent approaches are evaluated in terms of their physiological effects and implementation parameters. The findings indicate that exercise is a central intervention for addressing sarcopenia, particularly when it is applied as a multidisciplinary, individualized, and sustainable strategy.