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September 10, 2025Open Access

Hyperuricemia in Chinese Patients with Mood Disorders: Prevalence, Related Factors, and Predictive Model

XWXinyue WangSouthwest University SWSili WangBeijing University of Chinese Medicine WQWenbo QiHebei Medical University

Key Points

The prevalence of hyperuricemia is 21.68% in depressive disorder and 39.25% in bipolar depressive episodes.
Independent risk factors include lithium carbonate, triglycerides, and lactate dehydrogenase, all significantly linked to hyperuricemia.
A predictive model was created through multivariate logistic regression combining several independent risk factors.
Close monitoring of uric acid levels is advised for mood disorder patients treated with lithium carbonate.

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that serum uric acid (UA) levels are significantly higher in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) than in patients with depressive disorder (DD), schizophrenia, and healthy controls. Currently, studies generally report that there is a complex bidirectional interaction between mood disorders (MD) and hyperuricemia (HUA). We investigated the prevalence and related factors of hyperuricemia in Chinese patients with mood disorders to find out potential mechanisms and build a predictive model. A total of 771 patients with mood disorders who met the criteria were enrolled. The demographic and disease characteristics of MD patients were collected by a self-designed questionnaire. Depression severity was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychotic symptoms. The Nurse's Guided Assessment of Suicide Risk Scale (NGASR) was used to assess suicide risk. Laboratory parameters of metabolism include blood cell-related parameters, electrolytes, liver function-related parameters, etc. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 21.68% in patients with depressive disorder and 39.25% in patients with depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (DEBD). Among MD patients with or without hyperuricemia, there were some differences such as gender, mood stabilizers, systolic blood pressure etc. The independent risk factors of MD patients with hyperuricemia followed: lithium carbonate, urea (Ur), triglycerides (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and white blood cell (WBC) (all p<0.05). After combining the independent risk factors with platelets (PLT), albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and C-peptide by multivariate Logistic regression, we obtained an optimal predictive model. MD patients treated with lithium carbonate should be closely monitored for uric acid levels. We suggested that hepatic TG accumulation and psychiatric drug-induced hepatocellular damage may contribute to hyperuricemia in patients with mood disorders.

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