This paper explores the environmental impacts of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering/Projects (WCHE), with a focus on the water pollution caused by construction projects. Rapid urbanization has heightened concerns over water pollution, which threatens ecosystems and human health. This article identifies three primary pollution types- physical pollution, chemical pollution and biological pollution, such as sedimentation, eutrophication and disruption of the hydrological cycle. These impacts are particularly evident in changes in water flow velocity and water quality, which may endanger aquatic organisms and damage the surrounding ecosystem. This article also discusses three main methods for alleviating water pollution - chemical (e.g., flocculants, though risk of secondary pollution), physical (e.g., sedimentation, aerationcostly but effective), and biological (e.g., eco-floating islands, sustainable yet high initial investment). Finally, this study emphasizes the need to formulate comprehensive policies and environmental regulations to balance the benefits of water conservancy projects and water resources protection. By integrating technical solutions with policy frameworks, it is possible to achieve sustainable development while mitigating the environmental impacts of large-scale engineering projects. Under the influence of water environment, water quality management cannot rely solely on technical or engineering solutions. Instead, establishing strict environmental regulations, enhancing law enforcement capabilities, and promoting interdisciplinary cooperation among engineers, environmental scientists, and policy makers are of vital importance.
Xinran Li (Wed,) studied this question.
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