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September 10, 2025Open Access

Hypervirulent Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection: Epidemiology, Virulence, Resistance, and Treatment

Key Points

Hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae shows significant virulence and resistance traits, creating treatment challenges.
Increased strains of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae may resist colistin and tigecycline, complicating management efforts.
Analysis covers epidemiology, resistance genes, and potential treatment modalities for hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Understanding the interaction between virulence and resistance may aid in developing effective treatment strategies.

Abstract

Abstract: In recent years, reports of hypervirulent (hv) carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) (hv-CRKp) have gradually increased. hv-CRKp may emerge from hvKp acquiring mobile genetic elements carrying multiple antibiotic-resistance genes or multi-drug-resistant Kp acquiring virulence genes, with subsequent convergence of resistance and virulence. Thus, hv-CRKp simultaneously harbors resistance and virulence genes and may even show resistance to colistin and tigecycline, suggesting potential for causing severe infections and placing a serious burden on the health care system. In this study, we review and summarize published literature on the epidemiology, virulence, resistance genes, and treatment of hv-CRKp. Keywords: hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae , carbapenem-resistant, epidemiology, virulence, drug-resistance, treatment

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