Viking-influenced sculpture in North Wales: its ornament and context

In Wales stone sculpture is frequently used to identify early medieval ecclesiastical sites. This study examines the 10th and 11th-century crosses, including three additions recorded by Edward Lhuyd, associated with Penmon (Isle of Anglesey) and Dyserth (Flints). It discusses their local context, both in the immediate vicinity of the church and as boundary and sanctuary markers, before considering their form, ornament and iconography — both Christian and Viking — which indicate that they belong to a Viking cultural milieu with contacts around and across the Irish Sea. There is increasing evidence that Penmon and Dyserth were located in areas of Viking settlement.