Watershed management in the developing world rarely includes detailed hydrological components. However, the hydrological cycle has many interconnected components, such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow. A common challenge in hydrological studies is estimating runoff in watersheds where precipitation records exist, but runoff data is unavailable. Thus, there has been a lack of long-term quantitative assessment. The QSWAT+ model was used to analyze hydrologic phenomena and assess how watershed changes impact the hydrological cycle. 17 years of meteorological input data were used to run the QSWAT+ and model hydrological responses to soil and water conservation measures on paired micro-watersheds, called Amanuel and Degnu, in the northeastern highlands of Ethiopia. The results indicate that QSWAT+ successfully models surface runoff at a daily time step, achieving Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.826 and 0.945, and Coefficient of Determination (R²) values of 0.944 and 0.741 for Amanuel and Degnu, respectively. The model results can help policymakers, land-use planners, and water resource managers effectively allocate water resources and implement sustainable watershed management practices based on flow conditions.
Muhidin et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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