(1) Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis represents a major cause of vascular access failure in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Identifying early biochemical markers associated with thrombosis may facilitate timely intervention and improve vascular outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline biochemical markers and the risk of AVF thrombosis and mortality during long-term follow-up. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 249 chronic hemodialysis patients with functional AVFs. Baseline data included intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), hemoglobin, phosphate, potassium, albumin, dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), age, diabetes status, and antivitamin K (AVK) therapy. Patients were followed for five years for the occurrence of AVF thrombosis and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Levene’s test and Scheffé post hoc comparisons. (3) Results: iPTH levels were significantly higher in patients who developed AVF thrombosis (mean 494.6 pg/mL) than in those without thrombosis (mean 381.5 pg/mL; p = 0.047). Other variables, including hemoglobin, phosphate, Kt/V, age, diabetes, and AVK therapy, were not significantly associated with thrombosis. Mortality was more frequent among patients with diabetes mellitus and those receiving antivitamin K therapy; however, only the association with diabetes reached statistical significance. (4) Conclusions: Elevated iPTH was associated with AVF thrombosis. Routine monitoring may help identify high-risk patients and guide timely interventions.
Palamar et al. (Tue,) studied this question.