Off-grid hybrid electrical systems have become a viable option for sustainable energy solutions, meeting the energy supply needs of rural communities. These systems use a broad approach to tackle sustainability, dependability, and environmental protection problems. The suggested hybrid system combines battery storage, biogas generators, and solar photovoltaic (PV) to provide a reliable and strong energy source for Ivoko Village in Enugu State using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and HOMER Pro Software. The paper compares three different configurations of sustainable power systems (HRES) to determine the best architecture that is suitable for rural areas. The result shows that case-1 (biogas/PV/bat) is the best option, with net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) values of 1, 225, 914 and 0. 2865/kWh, respectively. The results show that the PSO-based hybrid power system is more cost-effective than the HOMER-based optimizer. The NPC and lower COE for meeting peak demands emphasize the increasing role of biogas system generators as a cost-effective local power source. This highlights the PSO's potential in maximizing hybrid renewable power systems for rural areas, offering a financially viable and sustainable energy solution.
Ogbuanya et al. (Mon,) studied this question.