Brain network-based neuromodulation for epilepsy: current status and prospects.

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder, with approximately 30% of patients being drug-resistant epilepsy(DRE), posing significant challenges in clinical management. Advances in neuroimaging techniques and the development of brain network theory have defined epilepsy as a brain network disorder, providing a novel theoretical foundation for neuromodulation therapies. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in epilepsy network modulation, with a focus on the following key scientific issues: (1)precise identification and modulation of epileptic network hubs in focal epilepsy and direct neuromodulation; (2)brain network modulation strategies for generalized epilepsy; (3)current challenges in epilepsy brain network modulation; (4)theory-current status-future perspectives: the path to advancement in epilepsy network modulation. By critically analyzing current research, this article aims to explore new paradigms in epilepsy treatment, and advocate for a shift from traditional "seizure control" to a "network remodeling-functional restoration" approach, thereby facilitating more precise and personalized neuromodulation strategies for patients.