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September 10, 2025

Tulou - The Architectural Heritage of the Hakka and the Phenomenon of Collective Identity

Key Points

Tulou buildings serve as a reflection of the collective identity within hakka communities, showcasing architectural uniqueness.
These structures, with their sealed outer walls and central courtyards, highlight defensive architectural strategies of the hakka people.
Life in tulou revolves around shared spaces, emphasizing community ties while also addressing challenges faced by their inhabitants.
The study of tulou not only focuses on architecture but also on the rich cultural heritage and identity of the hakka people.

Abstract

This article examines the unique architectural structures known as Tulou, predominantly found in Fujian Province, China, which are closely associated with the Hakka people. Tulou represent a distinctive phenomenon in Chinese architecture and culture that can be analyzed and explored from various perspectives. Renowned for their unique construction, these buildings are typically circular or, in some cases, rectangular, with almost entirely sealed outer walls. Life within the Tulou centers around a large shared courtyard. Each floor features continuous balconies that connect individual apartments, reflecting the defensive purpose of these structures, as the Hakka often had to protect themselves from external threats.Beyond their exceptional architectural features, Tulou communities themselves are a significant area of study for cultural researchers and ethnologists, as the collective identity shaped within such environments is particularly fascinating. Accordingly, this article also delves into the lives of Tulou inhabitants, their primary challenges, and future prospects.Keywords: Tulou, Chinese architecture, Hakka, Cultural identity

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