Analysis of Microarray and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Finds Gene Co-Expression and Tumor Environment Associated with Extracellular Matrix in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer

A complex and gradual process, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs both during embryonic development and tumor progression. Cells undergo a transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state throughout this process. More and more evidence points to EMT as a cause of increased metastatic spread of prostate cancer (PCa), along with stemness enhancement and therapy resistance. Here, we used bioinformatic methods to analyze gene expression microarray data, single-cell RNA sequencing, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in order to reconstruct the network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition with PCa. No prior study has documented this sort of analysis. We next validated our results using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which included microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing. Potentially useful in PCa diagnosis and treatment are extracellular matrix in epithelial–mesenchymal transition genes, including ITGBL1, DSC3, COL4A6, ANGPT1, ARMCX1, MICAL2, and EPHA5. In this study, we aimed to shed light on the molecular characteristics and pathways of DEGs in PCa, as well as to identify possible biomarkers that are important in the development and advancement of this cancer. These insights have important implications for understanding prostate cancer progression and for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting ECM-mediated pathways.