The circular economy (CE) has emerged as a transformative paradigm essential for achieving global sustainability. Unlike the traditional linear economic model of "take-make-dispose, " CE promotes the efficient use of resources by prioritising reuse, repair, recycling, and regeneration of materials within closed-loop systems. This review explores the concept of the circular economy, which is a precursor to achieving global sustainability. This approach significantly reduces environmental degradation, minimises waste generation, and conserves finite natural resources. CE also fosters economic resilience by creating new business opportunities, enhancing resource efficiency, and stimulating innovation in sustainable product design and service delivery. Socially, it contributes to inclusive development through green jobs and improved livelihoods, particularly in emerging economies. Studies show that adopting circular practices can result in significant cost savings and job creation. The circular economy could generate 4. 5 trillion in global economic growth by 2030. As a multidimensional strategy, the circular economy aligns closely with key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), climate action (SDG 13), and industry innovation (SDG 9). Policy instruments such as extended producer responsibility (EPR), green public procurement (GPP), and eco-design regulations are effective tools for enforcing circular principles. These policies ensure that environmental externalities are internalised and that sustainable products are prioritised throughout their life cycles. The study concluded that the widespread adoption of CE principles can lead to reduced waste, increased resource efficiency, and the regeneration of natural ecosystems, while simultaneously unlocking new economic opportunities. However, a holistic approach involving governments, industries, and consumers is essential to overcome the barriers to its implementation. Despite implementation challenges such as technological constraints and regulatory gaps, CE presents a viable, scalable, and integrative path toward a sustainable and resilient global future.
Sangoremi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.