Plant Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy Toward Nanomedicine Toolbox

Abstract Green synthesis exhibits an eco‐friendly approach to fabricating novel metal oxide nanoparticles. However, the plant‐mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) often requires additional stabilising agents to ensure the stability and functionality of these nanoparticles. In this manuscript, we report stabiliser‐free optimized fabrication of AgNPs using Mango ( Mangifera indica ) leaves extract. These nanoparticles exhibited excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, eliminating the need for stabilizing agents. The morphologies of quasi‐spherical to cubical shapes with particle sizes between 10 nm and 70 nm were evident from HR‐TEM analysis, which agreed with high‐resolution DLS analyses with a mean size of 60.02 nm and supported the findings of FE‐SEM data. Excellent colloidal stability was confirmed by a negative zeta potential, and XRD analysis ensured the crystalline nature of the AgNPs with intense reflections with the (111) and (200) lattice planes. The nanoparticles showed strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli , with biofilm inhibition rates ranging from 60% to 85% for E. coli and 64% to 80% for B. subtilis . The results substantially demonstrated the potential of AgNPs as promising candidates for antimicrobial as well as environmental applications.