Abstract To address the issues of declining system inertia and insufficient frequency regulation capability caused by high penetration of renewable energy integration into power grids, this paper proposes a distributed multi-type resource coordinated control strategy based on a consensus algorithm. By integrating controllable resources such as distributed photovoltaics (PVs), energy storage, and flexible loads, a frequency response model incorporating multi-type loads is constructed to quantify their dynamic regulation effects on grid frequency. A grouped iterative consensus algorithm is designed to optimize resources by type under communication topology constraints, achieving distributed collaborative updates of state variables to minimize frequency regulation costs while ensuring power balance and output limits. Simulation results based on the IEEE 3-machine 9-node system and a 30-node distribution network demonstrate that the proposed strategy reduces frequency fluctuation peaks and lowers regulation costs compared to traditional fixed-coefficient methods, effectively avoiding risks of high-frequency generator tripping or low-frequency load shedding. The research provides an economical and efficient solution for distributed resource coordination in frequency regulation for power grids with high renewable energy penetration.
Xiong et al. (Fri,) studied this question.