Rill erosion is a critical form of soil degradation, characterized by the concentrated flow of water that scours soil and transports sediments downhill, significantly impacting agricultural productivity and water quality. This review synthesizes current literature to elucidate the dynamics of rill erosion, emphasizing the multifaceted factors that influence its formation, including rainfall, soil properties, topography, vegetation cover, and land use. After discussing various erosion forms, the paper outlines the physics of rill erosion and presents methodologies for measuring and monitoring this process, highlighting both traditional and innovative techniques. Furthermore, it examines soil conservation practices aimed at mitigating rill erosion and their effectiveness. Modeling approaches, distinguishing between empirical and process-based models, are also explored, and gaps in current predictive capabilities are identified. In conclusion, the review advocates for integrated research that combines ecological, hydrological, and socio-economic perspectives. This research should develop sustainable land management strategies and enhance predictive accuracy regarding rill erosion under changing climate conditions. This comprehensive understanding is vital for combating soil degradation and preserving ecosystem services.
Demetrio Antonio Zema (Wed,) studied this question.