Do AR and TILs have any association with the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer?

The presence of androgen receptor (AR) as a marker can be detected in all breast cancer subtypes, and it may provide information on treatment response and prognosis. This study aimed to examine the correlation between AR expression and treatment response in patients diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer who were undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). The evaluation included breast cancer patients who received NAT and underwent surgery at Weifang People’s Hospital’s Department of Breast Surgery between October 2019 and October 2022. We examined and compared the clinical and pathological factors between patients who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) and those who did not. Statistical methods: The statistical analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS 17.0 software. Univariate and multivariable analyses were employed to establish the association between each variable and pCR. Independent variables included in the multivariable analyses were those factors deemed significant ( P < .05) in the chi-square test of univariate analysis. Variables with a P -value < 0.05 were regarded as being independent influencing factors. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method. A total of 63 patients were included, all of whom had received NAT, with an overall pCR rate of 31.7%. pCR was positively correlated with AR positivity (OR = 0.105 95% CI = 0.012~0.939, P = .044) and high density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (OR = 0.134 95% CI = 0.031~0.586, P = .008). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves had been plotted to assess the predictive value of AR expression and the density of TILs for pCR, with areas under the curves being 0.661 (95% CI = 0.573–0.749, P = .044) and 0.716 (95% CI = 0.606–0.825, P = .008), respectively. Potential biomarkers for pCR in HER2-positive breast cancer patients receiving NAT may include the expressions of AR and TILs.