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The article explores the multi-criteria approach to evaluating the results of the energy transition using the example of EU countries. It is substantiated that the process of change requires constant monitoring of results; however, this process is complicated by the significant number of indicators, many of which are subjective and do not always objectively reflect the effectiveness of the energy transition. For the technical analysis of energy transition results, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology was used, the main advantage of which is the ability to assess the impact of environmental factors on the results of changes, in this case, the EU countries. The analysis considers input factors, which include the resources required to achieve sustainable energy transition results, as well as output factors that define the results themselves, including the share of renewable energy sources, CO2 emission levels, and the level of innovation in environmental measures. Based on the comparison of calculated DEA efficiency scores and the Energy Transition Index (ETI), an efficiency matrix was constructed. This matrix allowed for the identification of four groups of countries based on the comparison of calculated DEA efficiency scores and the ETI. The use of the DEA methodology with Python software allowed for clarification of the difference between subjective assessments of the level of energy transition and objective results obtained based on efficiency indicators of resources allocated to the energy transition. The validation of results was obtained with decoupling score index (DS). Such approach not only allows for monitoring the state of energy changes but also assesses the potential of individual countries. The result obtained serves as an informative source for benchmarking to study best practices demonstrated by countries with high values of the Energy Transition Index and the effectiveness of this transition according to the DEA method.
Polyanska et al. (Tue,) studied this question.