Transformation of Natural Resource Management in the Digital Era: a Review of Technology Integration, Social Justice, and Environmental Sustainability

This research examines the complexity of contemporary environmental issues through a holistic approach that integrates technological, social, economic, and ecological dimensions in natural resource management. Utilizing a qualitative literature review methodology of over 60 international literatures, this study identifies the interconnections between land degradation, climate change, and social injustice that threaten global stability. The main contribution is the development of the concept of "digital environmental governance" which integrates AI foundation models with participatory governance mechanisms for scalable yet locally relevant environmental monitoring. The findings show the economic urgency with global losses due to biodiversity loss reaching 10 trillion per year, while the agricultural sector that provides 95% of the world's food is experiencing degradation on more than 60% of agricultural land. Research reveals that intensive agricultural practices, extractive industries, and resource distribution inequalities exacerbate environmental degradation and trigger social conflicts. Proposed solutions include the implementation of a circular economy, sustainable agriculture, and the integration of real-time sensor-based monitoring technology with local community wisdom. A multidisciplinary approach that synergizes stakeholders (government, private sector, academia, and communities) has proven essential for developing innovative policies that respond to the dynamics of environmental changes and ensure justice in natural resource management