Quantum Laws and Their Origins: An Exploration Based on Three Foundational Hypotheses

Abstract This paper presents an in-depth investigation into quantum effects and the three established principles of quantum mechanics, including the dynamics derived from the development of physical systems—specifically, the reversal of positive and negative energy directions, as well as the density expansion and contraction caused by interactions between energy systems. Additionally, this study introduces a novel theoretical framework that proposes a new scope for understanding quantum phenomena. A truly universal principle must satisfy both Galileo’s principle of relativity and the law of covariance, thereby enabling the identification of global hidden variables or underlying mechanisms behind physical phenomena, and allowing for the explanation and demonstration of the deductive logic and outcomes of all physical processes.Contemporary quantum experiments, evaluated through Bell’s inequality, suggest that quantum mechanics is currently regarded as complete. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that quantum entanglement exhibits uncertainty prior to measurement, with its process being superluminal and non-local. However, the fundamental reasons behind these characteristics—particularly their true physical principles, dynamic behavior, and evolutionary logic—remain inadequately addressed. In fact, current interpretations of quantum mechanics are largely superficial and do not fully incorporate Galilean covariance, indicating an inherent incompleteness.At present, the major frameworks of quantum mechanics—including quantum theory, relativity, quantum field theory, and the Schrödinger equation—are primarily confined to the description of the positive (observable) world. They generally deny the possibility of energy direction reversing into negative energy states or transitioning into a hypothetical negative world. Moreover, they reject the idea that quantum entanglement can occur within the negative world and subsequently return to the positive world, implying oscillatory motion, reciprocation, energy exchange, and superluminal properties.The prevailing interpretation—that the interaction between entangled quanta, involving energy, force, reference frames, and positively entangled particles, constitutes a holistic effect—is insufficient. Specifically, attempting to explain the instantaneous, superluminal, and uncertain nature of quantum effects solely based on dynamics restricted to the positive world domain appears fundamentally flawed. Current quantum mechanical explanations fail to identify the global hidden variables or the underlying mechanisms governing physical phenomena. Furthermore, they cannot account for why quantum entanglement results violate Bell’s inequality.According to Galileo’s law of covariance, quantum mechanics should not be satisfied with partial or limited covariance. Therefore, we propose a new quantum mechanical principle grounded in three hypotheses to address these limitations. Given that energy possesses both positive and negative directional properties, particularly under dynamic conditions where energy direction reverses, the instantaneous density ratio becomes extremely small. This leads to the physical realization of quantum superluminal phenomena. Through the principle of resonance—such as energy direction reversal and quantum entanglement—these phenomena become possible.To satisfy Galilean covariance, it can be inferred that only the reversal of the energy vector direction and transition into the negative world can fulfill such requirements. Due to the potential existence of negative entanglement in negative energy and the reciprocal exchange between the positive and negative worlds, there remains uncertainty regarding the parity of energy increase or spin quantity in returning quanta or systems. Furthermore, experimental observations from phase-locked reverse measurements—where "the jump value of PDV data consistently exceeds the rise"—suggest new physical interpretations involving imaginary numbers and calculus related to energy direction and the negative world. These findings demonstrate the pre-measurement uncertainty of quantum states, as well as the superluminal and non-local nature of quantum processes, thereby supporting the inference of a new foundational theory of quantum mechanics.Finally, the quantum teleportation experiment provides evidence of vector reversals in energy and information transmission, further confirming the existence of superluminal communication.