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This is a Case-Control Study study.

September 12, 2025Open Access

Thyroid dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study

HMHarshit MalkanInstitute of Medical Sciences BPBhavita PatelIndian Council of Agricultural Research MSMahesh SoluInstitute of Medical Sciences

Key Points

Thyroid dysfunction was more prevalent in patients with NAFLD, highlighting a significant health concern.
Among NAFLD cases, 20% had overt hypothyroidism, while 5% were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism.
The severity of NAFLD was correlated with thyroid dysfunction, with 66.7% of Grade 3 NAFLD cases exhibiting overt hypothyroidism.
Routine thyroid screening should be considered in NAFLD management to address potential thyroid health issues.

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction, with emerging evidence linking it to thyroid abnormalities. In this case-control study of 120 adults, thyroid dysfunction was more prevalent in NAFLD cases, with 20% having overt hypothyroidism and 5% subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction increased with NAFLD severity, with overt hypothyroidism observed in 66.7% of Grade 3 cases. These findings highlight a strong association between worsening thyroid function and NAFLD severity, suggesting the need for routine thyroid screening in NAFLD management.

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