We provide original identification keys for adult males, brief redescriptions of the seven known species, a description of a new species, D. soktoshensis sp. nov., and a molecular genetic analysis of species of the Diamesa cinerella group. Population genetic analysis of Diamesa cinerella group revealed 109 haplotypes for 183 samples and a high level of haplotype diversity—0.984 ± 0.004. We identified four haplogroups, including Diamesa tsutsuii (1), Diamesa lavillei (2), Diamesa. soktoshensis sp. nov. (3) and the remaining species (4). The four haplogroups were significantly different from each other by FST values (P < 0.01). We explored the use of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region as an alternative nuclear DNA barcode for species delimitation of the Diamesa cinerella group. Three haplogroups were identified with no obvious connection to the species or sampling location.
Semenchenko et al. (Thu,) studied this question.