Validation of the Adapted eHEALS Questionnaire for Assessing Digital Health Literacy in Social Media: A Pilot Study

Background: Digital health literacy is crucial for navigating social media as a primary health information source. However, its interactive and unregulated nature fosters misinformation, requiring critical evaluation skills. Existing tools assess general internet use, but no validated instrument measures competencies specific to social media. This study aimed to adapt and validate the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) for this context. Methods: A content validation process was conducted with 33 experts, who evaluated the clarity, coherence, and relevance of the adapted questionnaire using item-level (I-CVI) and scale-level (S-CVI) content validity indices. A pilot study was then carried out with 250 participants to assess the instrument’s reliability and feasibility, measured through Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s Omega. Results: The adapted eHEALS demonstrated excellent content validity (S-CVI > 0.90) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.92; McDonald’s Ω = 0.92). The tool effectively captures key competencies for evaluating and applying health information in social media contexts, with exploratory factor analysis confirming a unidimensional structure that explained over 60% of the variance, supporting its robustness for use in population-based studies. Conclusions: This validated instrument provides a reliable method for assessing digital health literacy in social media, supporting the development of educational interventions to enhance critical appraisal skills and mitigate the impact of misinformation.