Analysis of the Concept of Religious Tolerance as a Solution to Conflict in Hamka's Tafsir of Al-Azhar

Objective: This study aims to explore the concept of religious tolerance in Buya Hamka's Tafsir Al-Azhar and compare it with the interpretations of other classical and contemporary mufasir such as Ibn Kathir, Al-Maraghi, Wahbah al-Zuhaili, and M. Quraish Shihab, to reaffirm the Qur'an's instructions on peaceful interreligious relations in a pluralistic society, especially in Indonesia. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework used involves a thematic and contextual interpretation approach to the Qur'an, paying attention to aspects of religious freedom, social coexistence, and multiculturalism values. Literature review: A literature review involves an analysis of classical and contemporary works of interpretation, as well as literature that discusses thematic interpretations and issues of religious diversity. Methods: The method applied in this study is a qualitative-descriptive method with a literature study approach and content analysis of six verses of the Qur'an related to religious tolerance (QS. Al-Baqarah: 256, Al-Kafirun: 1–6, Yunus: 40–41, Yunus: 99–100, Mumtahanah: 8–9, and Al-Maidah: 5). Results: The results of the study show that Hamka prioritizes a contextual and responsive interpretation approach to social reality, different from the more textual and theological interpretations of some other scholars. Hamka and Quraish Shihab's interpretations stand out for being inclusive and dialogical, demonstrating Islam's compatibility with the values of democracy and multiculturalism. Implications: Implications of these findings include the importance of a social interpretation approach in building inclusive education, developing tolerant policies, and encouraging interfaith dialogue. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its contribution to the development of thematic and contextual interpretive methods to respond to contemporary challenges, as well as in showing that socially oriented interpretive approaches can be the foundation for harmony in a pluralistic society.