Developing the Indonesian Student Health Index as an Instrument for Monitoring and Evaluating Student Health in Physical Education

Objectives. This study aimed to develop the Indonesian Student Health Index (ISHI), a valid, reliable, and practical instrument to comprehensively assess student health conditions in Indonesia, covering physical health, mental well-being, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and emotional-social functioning. Materials and Methods. A Research and Development (R&D) design was employed using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The instrument development involved literature review, nominal group technique (NGT) with teachers, and field observations. Five experts validated the blueprint. The instrument underwent trials in two sports disciplines and was implemented in five school settings across educational levels. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation for validity, Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability, inter-rater correlation for objectivity, and exploratory factor analysis. Results. The instrument showed good internal consistency (α = 0.88), sufficient validity (r = 0.62), and high objectivity (r = 0.91). Practicality and effectiveness scored 88% and 84%, respectively. KMO (0.782) and Bartlett’s Test (p < 0.001) confirmed the factorability of the data. Field implementation involving 1,300 respondents (teachers and students) yielded highly positive responses (90–95%). Expert validation rated the blueprint as “Highly Valid” (average score = 4.41). Conclusions. The findings indicate that the ISHI instrument is scientifically robust and field-ready for nationwide implementation. It enables early identification of student health issues and supports integrating health and education policies. ISHI is expected to serve as a strategic tool for health monitoring, data-driven interventions, and developing holistic educational environments in Indonesia.