A Review on Medicinal Plants the Nature’s Pharmacy: Challenges and Progress in Conservation

Medicinal plants continue to play a vital role in healthcare systems worldwide, offering a rich source of bioactive compounds that support both traditional therapies and the discovery of modern drugs. This review brings together recent evidence on their ecological value, pharmacological potential, and socio-economic importance, while drawing attention to the urgent challenges posed by habitat destruction, overharvesting, and climate change. Current findings indicate that many species face rapid decline, threatening not only biodiversity but also the continuity of indigenous knowledge and community livelihoods. To address this, the review discusses sustainable conservation measures such as in situ and ex situ protection, domestication and cultivation practices, community-led initiatives, and the application of modern biotechnological tools for genetic resource preservation. By integrating these approaches, conservation can ensure a steady supply of plant-derived resources, maintain cultural traditions, and open new pathways for therapeutic innovation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT