Adaptive deep learning framework for multi-scale plant disease detection

Plant disease detection is a critical task in modern agriculture, directly impacting crop yield, food security, and sustainable farming practices. Traditional methods rely on expert visual inspection, which is time-consuming, inconsistent, and inaccessible in remote areas. This study introduces an advanced deep learning (DL) framework, the adaptive multi-scale convolutional network (AMS-ConvNet), optimized for accurate and efficient plant disease identification. hierarchical feature extraction network (HFEN) integrates the multi-domain attention framework (MDAF) and adaptive scale fusion module (ASFM) to enhance feature extraction and address challenges such as complex natural backgrounds, non-uniform leaf structures, and varying environmental conditions. The proposed framework employs pre-trained knowledge adaptation (PTKA) techniques to improve generalization and overcome data scarcity. Comprehensive evaluations on multiple datasets demonstrate the model's better performance, achieving state-of-the-art metrics in precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy. Furthermore, this approach ensures scalability and adaptability, making it suitable for real-field conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of robust, automated solutions in minimizing crop losses, reducing labor costs, and enhancing agricultural sustainability through precision disease management.