Longitudinal changes in superficial white matter microstructure in cerebral small vessel disease

Key Points

SWM microstructure is significantly affected by white matter hyperintensities, impacting cognitive functions.
Longitudinal changes in SWM can be predicted by the volume of white matter hyperintensities.
Diffusion tractography was used to quantitatively assess the microstructure of superficial white matter in patients with CSVD.
Findings highlight the need for understanding the pathological mechanisms affecting SWM in cerebral small vessel disease.

Abstract

Motivation: Superficial white matter (SWM) has a significant impact on the cognition of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients, yet longitudinal changes in its microstructure remain unclear. Goal(s): To explore relationships between the severity of CSVD and microstructural changes in SWM, as well as their effects on cognition. Approach: We quantified the microstructure of SWM using diffusion tractography and assessed white matter hyperintensity (WMH) through FLAIR MRIs. We analyzed the associations between longitudinal changes in SWM microstructure, WMH, and processing speed in patients with CSVD. Results: SWM microstructure is affected by WMH, affecting cognition. WMH volume may predict longitudinal changes in specific SWM connections. Impact: We revealed the longitudinal changes in the microstructure of SWM in CSVD and their impact on cognition. Results suggest the pathological mechanisms influencing the changes in the microstructure of SWM.

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