Urban historic districts play a vital role in shaping the cultural identity and heritage of cities. However, many of these areas face challenges such as aging buildings and deteriorating infrastructure. At the same time, the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall has led to a rise in flood events, placing these vulnerable districts at greater risk. Therefore, it is essential to carry out a comprehensive and objective assessment of their resilience to flood disasters. This study establishes a G-IC model for evaluating the resilience of urban historic districts to flood disasters based on the game combination empowerment-improved cloud model method. The proposed method has been demonstrated in the Soviet-style building complex of the Daye Steel Plant in Huangshi and reveals that the driving force layer exhibits weak resilience; the pressure and state layers show general resilience; the impact and response layers demonstrate weak resilience; and the overall resilience of the district is categorized as weak. The consistency of the results was verified by calculating the cloud similarity, which shows that the constructed new model has certain rationality and feasibility, and the evaluation results are relatively accurate. The findings offer valuable insights for policy-making and support for decision-makers in local government departments.
Huang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.