Phytogenic Feed Additives in Rabbit Production: A Critical Review of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Effects on Performance, Haematological Response, and Oxidative Status

AbstractThis review examines the efficacy of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) supplementation as a natural phytogenic feed addition in rabbit production. Rosemary possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, and growth-enhancing qualities, potentially providing a sustainable substitute for synthetic chemicals in cattle nutrition.Aims:was to conduct an 8-week feeding trial using 32 male rabbits, who were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8 per group). Treatments comprised a control diet and diets enriched with rosemary powder (1.5%), rosemary oil (0.5%), or a combination of both (0.75% powder + 0.25% oil). The study sought to assess the impact of rosemary on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism.Results:Rabbits supplemented with rosemary, especially in the combination group, Showed a notable improvement in growth performance, with a 25.8% increase in final body weight relative to the control group. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased (SOD by 9.6%, GPx by 27.8%), but malondialdehyde levels decreased, signifying reduced oxidative stress. Liver function markers (ALT, AST) decreased by 23–26%, indicating hepatoprotective effects. Improvements in the lipid profile comprised a 30.8% decrease in total cholesterol and a 65.1% elevation in HDL cholestero.Conclusion:Rosemary supplementation, particularly in combination, markedly improved growth performance, physiological health, and oxidative stability in rabbits. These findings endorse rosemary's use as an efficacious, natural substitute for synthetic growth boosters, enhancing animal health and promoting sustainable rabbit production.