The Nature of Dark Matter and Cosmological Structure Derived from Generalized Time and Spacetime Duality

The standard cosmological model, ΛCDM, has been very successful as a model of the cosmos, but measurements increasingly show deviations from its predictions. There is no accepted model for the asymmetry between matter and antimatter; cosmic inflation requires superluminal expansion velocities, lacks a compelling mechanism for the expansion or for shutting off that expansion, and the predicted primordial gravity waves have not been detected; there is no accepted theory for what dark matter is or its properties; and the observation of time-dependent asymmetry in galaxy rotation and multipole properties of the universe are in conflict with the expected isotropy of the universe. A model based on the concepts of spacetime duality and generalized time, along with CPT invariance and dimensional symmetry between time and space, leads to a model of the Big Bang, the early universe, and dark matter that resolve these concerns. The model has time starting to flow in our universe when it has cooled sufficiently for the weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces to become distinct, which means it is then possible to distinguish between matter and antimatter, each of which flows in opposite directions of generalized time, resulting in a natural separation of matter into our universe and antimatter into a universe on the “other” side of the fabric of spacetime. The universes can interact gravitationally through the fabric of spacetime. Experiments have shown that there is a flow of time in quantum/relativistic systems which cannot be measured by an external, classical clock. This is the initial flow of time when matter and antimatter separate and quantum interactions dominate. The time flow in this quantum/relativistic direction means the superluminal expansion velocity in cosmic inflation is actually subluminal when measured in generalized time. The quantum state produces the homogeneity seen in the CMB, and energy considerations preclude magnetic monopoles from becoming entrained in the flow of time in our universe. If time has three dimensions along with space, then there are six universes resulting from cooling after the Big Bang, with our universe as one of them. The other five universes explain the 5:1 ratio of dark matter to matter, and the two types of “dark universes”, three antimatter and two matter, explain how dark matter can be both compact in a galactic center and have a halo extending out from the galactic plane. CPT arguments explain the high rotation asymmetry of early galaxies, and subsequent gravitational interactions with the dark universes, which in aggregate have the opposite rotation asymmetry, explain why that asymmetry is decreasing with time. Those ongoing gravitational interactions with the dark universes explain why the observed multipole features in galaxy rotation are not observed in the CMB – those multipole features may require a significant amount of time to interact with the dark universes, and the CMB reflects an early time in our universe where those interactions would have been minimal.