Introduction Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, relapsing autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammatory attacks affecting the optic nerves, spinal cord and brain. In most cases, pathogenic antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) are detectable. These antibodies target astrocytes, triggering complement activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), culminating in an astrocytopathy and neurological disability.
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Jayne L. Chamberlain
Pakeeran Siriratnam
Saif Huda
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
Monash University
University of Liverpool
Walton Centre
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Chamberlain et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/68d466b531b076d99fa65598 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2025.2548947