Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure is an escalating concern in pediatric respiratory health due to its pervasive presence and detrimental effects. Children are particularly susceptible because of their developing lungs, higher respiratory rates, and increased environmental exposure. PM 2.5 particles can penetrate deep into the lower airways, carrying toxic substances that trigger oxidative stress and airway inflammation, potentially disrupting normal lung development. Epidemiological studies have linked PM 2.5 exposure to decreased lung function and elevated levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide, a noninvasive biomarker of airway inflammation. These effects are particularly pronounced in children with newly developed wheezing symptoms. This review summarizes current epidemiological evidence on PM 2.5 -related airway inflammation and lung function changes in children, highlighting underlying biological mechanisms and underscoring the need for targeted prevention strategies to reduce long-term respiratory harm.
Huang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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