Artificial Intelligence (AI) Promise for Equitable Education in Emerging Economies

Abstract In the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the education sector, particularly in regions characterized by infrastructural and resource constraints, typically low- and middle-income countries. AI holds dual potential: it disrupts traditional educational models through adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring, and automated administrative processes, while simultaneously offering a leapfrogging mechanism to bypass entrenched developmental barriers. This systematic review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, investigates the role of AI technologies as transformative agents in educational contexts across emerging economies. The findings indicate that AI is fundamentally reshaping the educational landscape in developing countries by redefining teaching roles, expanding access to quality education, transforming assessment practices, and overhauling institutional structures. Key enablers for educational leapfrogging via AI include extensive mobile connectivity, robust public-private partnerships, and the development of contextually relevant content. However, persistent challenges such as digital divides and technical skill gaps remain. While AI-driven innovations promise significant improvements in teaching and learning, issues of digital inequality and ethical concerns are critical. This review provides a foundation for future research and policymaking aimed at democratizing quality education in emerging economies.