Digital Selfhood and Mental Health: A Systematic Examination of Social Media’s Psychological Implications

Abstract Background Social media platforms are deeply integrated into everyday life, influencing self-perception and psychological health. Concerns have been raised regarding their impact on body image, self-esteem, and overall well-being. Objective This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the relationship between social media use, self-image, and psychological well-being. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024 were identified in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Eligible studies examined associations between social media use, body image, and mental health outcomes. Results Findings indicate that high exposure to appearance-focused content is consistently linked with body dissatisfaction, negative self-comparisons, and reduced self-esteem, particularly among adolescents and young adults. However, evidence also highlights potential benefits, including enhanced social connectedness, identity exploration, and peer support. The relationship appears complex and bidirectional, shaped by patterns of use, content engagement, and individual vulnerability factors. Conclusions Social media exerts both risks and benefits for self-image and psychological well-being. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal pathways and inform strategies that promote healthier online interactions. These findings may guide clinical practice, prevention programs, and digital literacy initiatives.