This study introduces a new type of cross-shaped anchor plate, resulting in a reduction in the plate surface area by over 92 % compared to a square plate, and more than 43% compared to a circular plate. In this study, experimental tests were conducted to assess the pullout force and resulting displacements of a cross-shaped anchor at various depths in sandy soil. A comparison of the results with existing studies demonstrates that this anchor exhibits a pullout performance very similar to that of traditional plate anchors (square or circular). These findings indicate that the proposed anchor is a promising alternative in terms of strength and stability. The reduced steel volume of the plate makes these anchors lighter and easier to install, providing economic and ecological benefits while maintaining a similar order of magnitude of maximum pullout load as that provided by traditional plate earth anchors. Further research is required to refine the design and assess the long-term performance of these anchors.
Chabbi et al. (Mon,) studied this question.