Navigating Nomenclature in Patient Care: Taxonomy Considerations From the College of American Pathologists’ Microbiology Committee

Abstract Taxonomy classifies organisms based on shared traits, while nomenclature assigns formal names using distinct rules for bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Advances in genomic sequencing have refined microbial classification, often prompting name changes that can inadvertently impact clinical practice, including patient diagnosis, treatment, and communication among healthcare providers. Various organizations govern taxonomy and nomenclature differently across pathogen domains, and implementation of new nomenclature in clinical settings poses challenges. The College of American Pathologists has introduced requirements for laboratories to maintain consistent nomenclature across testing platforms and to consider use of contemporary nomenclature. While scientific accuracy is important, practical considerations must guide the adoption of new names to avoid confusion and ensure high-quality patient care.