Non-equilibrium low temperature plasmas are an abundant source of reactive species at ambient temperatures and pressures. This unique capability enables several emerging applications including health, materials synthesis and energy security. All these applications are governed by interactions of non-equilibrium plasmas with complex interfaces. The strong nonlinear coupling between the plasma and the complex interface leads to complex interfacial interactions which remain not well understood and have a major impact on the plasma properties, impinging species fluxes and can even lead to self-organization. Atmospheric pressure sheaths and boundary layers have length scales of 100 μm or less leading to significant diagnostics challenges. These plasmas are also prone to instabilities introducing high spatial and temporal variations in plasma properties and dynamics. This presentation will highlight three important case studies of plasma interactions with complex interfaces: nanoparticles, viruses and plasma-liquid interactions. Insights in these areas rely on quantitative studies involving modeling and in situ diagnostics that allow identifying mechanisms. Image credit: Michael Dziedzic (Unsplash) (https: //unsplash. com/photos/close-up-photo-of-clear-glass-star-ornament-jeEsHg₅j10).
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