September 26, 2025Open Access

A revised classification of the Carboniferous and Permian Nautilida

Key Points

A new classification scheme for nautilida identifies seven suborders, enhancing understanding of their diversity.
The revised classification distinguishes five Carboniferous and Permian suborders, providing phylogenetic insights.
Integration of morphological traits and stratigraphic data constituted the basis of this classification effort.
Newly introduced families and subfamilies within nautilida reflect advancements in our understanding of their taxonomy.

Abstract

Classification schemes for the Carboniferous and Permian coiled nautiloids were controversially discussed between the 1940s and the 1980s, but have rarely been a topic in the palaeontological literature since then. Depending on the respective affiliation of the authors with regard to their research base, either the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology or the Osnovy Paleontologii schemes were used. New findings from the last 40 years now make it possible to draw a more differentiated picture of the phylogeny and thus classification of the Nautilida. A new classification scheme is presented here, which is based on the integration of as many characters as possible, such as the general conch shape and its ontogeny, the shell sculpture and the shape of the septum and the course of the suture line. In addition, the stratigraphic succession of species and genera was taken into account. In the new classification presented here, seven suborders are distinguished within the order Nautilida, five of which known from Carboniferous and Permian strata. These are the Temnocheilina Flower, 1963 (superfamilies Trigonoceratoidea Hyatt, 1884, Koninckioceratoidea Hyatt, 1900), Domatoceratina subordo nov. (superfamilies Grypoceratoidea Hyatt, 1900, Permoceratoidea Miller Collinson, 1953 and Subclymenioidea Shimansky, 1962), Tainoceratina Shimansky, 1957 (superfamilies Tainoceratoidea Hyatt, 1883 and Pleuronautiloidea Hyatt, 1900), Liroceratina Flower, 1955 (superfamilies Liroceratoidea Hyatt, 1900, Ephippioceratoidea Miller Youngquist, 1949 and Clydonautiloidea Hyatt, 1900) and Solenochilina Flower, 1950 (superfamilies Aipoceratoidea Hyatt, 1884 and Scyphoceratoidea Ruzhencev Shimansky, 1954). The new families and subfamilies Dasbergoceratidae fam. nov., Epistroboceratidae fam. nov., Stenopoceratidae fam. nov., Foordiceratidae fam. nov., Metacoceratidae fam. nov., Planetoceratidae fam. nov., Chouteauoceratinae subfam. nov. and Vestinautilinae subfam. nov. are introduced.

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