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September 26, 2025Open Access

Features of the immune and genetic profile in children with musculoskeletal pathology under exposure to biocontamination with aluminum compounds

Key Points

Children with musculoskeletal diseases showed 2.66 times higher aluminum levels in their blood compared to healthy peers.
74.5% of children with muscle pathology had elevated IgG to aluminum, which indicates immune system activation.
The study revealed significant increases in specific variant alleles linked to immune and metabolic disorders affecting bone structure.
Findings highlight the potential role of aluminum exposure in activating pathways related to musculoskeletal pathology.

Abstract

Introduction. The musculoskeletal (MS) system stores heavy metals like aluminum, potentially causing bone defects in polluted environments. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the immune and genetic profile in children with MS diseases under exposure to aluminum biocontamination. Materials and methods. One hundred sixty six children from an aluminum province were selected to make up observation with diagnosis as 66, M85.8 «Other specified disorders of bone density and structure») and comparison (100 healthy) groups. The following iondices were estimated: CD19+ (cytofluorometry), IgG to aluminum (allergosorbent testing), osteocalcin (EIA), IgG, IgM, IgA (Mancini). PCR determined TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911) and VDR C>T (rs2228570) polymorphisms. Results. The aluminum content in blood in examined children with MS diseases was 0.0317 ± 0.0051 mg/dm³, which is 2.66 times higher than in the comparison group. IgG to aluminum in 74.5% of thr children exceeded the reference range. N-osteocalcin was reduced by 1.13 times. CD19+ hyperexpression (2.36 times), IgG increase by 1.2 times and IgA deficiency by 1.32 times were established. In the observation group against the comparison group, a significant increase was established in the frequency both of the variant allele G TLR4 and the variant allele C and the CC genotype VDR, by by 1.9 times and 1.4–2.6 times accoridngly. Research limitations. The sytudy sample was limited to children aged 3–6 years living in a zone exposed to aluminum production emissions; for the observation group, diagnosis M85.8. Conclusion. We established activation in the B-lymphocytes→reagins system, CD19+→IgG→specific IgG to aluminum compartments, which may indicate that immunity participoates in the formation of MS pathology. The presence of variant alleles and genotypes of candidate genes VDR C>T (rs2228570), TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911) increases the risk of metabolic and immune disorders associated with bone tissue by 1.2–1.6 times.

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