The Relationship Between Smartphone Use and Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents: A Review of the Selected Literatures

In recent years, the rapid development and wide spread of smartphone technology of has transformed the daily life of adolescents. The smartphone is a multi-purpose device and is especially important for the education of young people. While technological advancements offer many benefits, the increase in smartphone use has a significant impact on adolescent health, especially sleep. Adequate sleep is very important for the physical, emotional and cognitive development of adolescents. Adequate sleep in adolescence supports academic performance, mental health and well-being. The research problem of this study is to investigate whether there is a connection between smartphone use and sleep disturbances in adolescents. The main purpose of this research is to study the relationship between smartphone use and sleep disturbances in adolescents. Thematic analysis was used as the qualitative research methodology, with previous research papers serving as secondary data sources in data collection. The research revealed that adolescents use smartphones more than four hours a day. Mostly used in the evening and at night before going to bed. In particular, the time spent sleeping by adolescents is directed towards activities such as using social media, sending text messages, and playing video games. Also, spending a lot of time with smartphones tends to go to bed later and wake up earlier, resulting in less sleep time. Adolescents report poor sleep quality due to smartphone addiction. Research has also revealed that blue light from smartphone screens inhibits the production of melatonin, a hormone essential for regulating sleep-wake cycles. Disruption of melatonin production leads to difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Adolescence is a period of emotional development. There they continue to be tempted to use the mobile phone at night. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of different intervention strategies to reduce the negative impact of smartphone use on adolescent sleep quality.