Observational study to analyse transfusion practices in obstetrics at tertiary care center in adult populations

Background: Blood transfusion is one of the eight essential components of comprehensive emergency obstetric care and plays a critical role in reducing maternal mortality. Obstetric hemorrhage, particularly postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anemia and coagulation disorders further increase the risk of severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery. The study aims at improving transfusion practices and also to deal with reactions associated with it. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate obstetric patients who received transfusions. Data were collected on the type and indication of transfusion, components used, transfusion protocols followed, adverse reactions encountered, and maternal outcomes. Results: The most common indications for transfusion were anemia, PPH, and placental causes such as placenta previa and abruption. Blood components commonly used included packed red blood cells (PRBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelet concentrates, and cryoprecipitate. The majority of antepartum transfusions were for anemia correction, while postpartum transfusions were primarily due to hemorrhage. Adverse reactions were minimal but documented. Outcomes varied based on the condition and the promptness of transfusion. Conclusions: Timely and appropriate transfusion of blood and its components is vital in the management of obstetric complications. Identifying high-risk patients and ensuring adequate blood component availability can significantly improve maternal outcomes and reduce mortality related to obstetric hemorrhage.