The Role of Public and Private Initiative in the Emergence of the First Forms of Extracurricular Work in Russia in the Second Half of the 19th Century

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the period of the origin and formation of extracurricular work (additional education) in Russia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Based on the analysis of historical sources, a study of the participation of the public and individuals in the organization of the first forms of extracurricular activities was carried out, the concept of “private initiative” in the understanding of representatives of the socio-pedagogical movement of the period under study was revealed, and the ratio of state and society participation in the development of extracurricular activities was determined. The purpose of the study is to solve the scientific problem of determining the role of public and private initiative in the emergence of the first forms of extracurricular work in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Methodology and research methods. The main methodological approach is the phenomenological one, which creates the possibility of constructing various foundations for the phenomenon of extracurricular work as one of the ways to organize social reality aimed at solving the socio-pedagogical problems of an individual or individual groups, as well as society as a whole. To achieve the purpose of the study, source studies and comparative analysis were used. Results and conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that extracurricular work in the second half of the nineteenth century is a social phenomenon. In the initial period of its appearance and development, the first forms of extracurricular work arose as a result of public initiative and with the support of private initiative of educated strata of Russian society.