Hydrogen production through electrolysis is becoming a key technology in the shift toward a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. This process uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, with the ideal scenario being that the electricity comes from renewable sources, like solar or wind power. By replacing fossil fuel–based hydrogen production methods, electrolysis offers a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, making it a crucial solution for decarbonization. Among the different types of electrolyzers, alkaline water electrolyzers (AWE) are widely used due to their affordability and scalability, while proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers are valued for their high efficiency and ability to quickly adapt to changing energy inputs. Newer technologies, like solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) and alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers, are showing promise for even greater efficiency and industrial applications. However, challenges remain, including the cost of materials, system durability, and economic feasibility. Ongoing research is focused on improving electrocatalyst performance, increasing energy efficiency, and integrating electrolysis with waste heat recovery to enhance overall effectiveness. Additionally, supportive policies, investment in infrastructure, and further advancements in renewable energy integration will play a crucial role in the widespread adoption of electrolysis. This chapter delves into the fundamentals of electrolysis, recent technological developments, and the role of hydrogen production in shaping a cleaner and more sustainable global energy system.
Hussain et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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