September 30, 2025

Leveraging high-throughput analytical techniques for simultaneous standardization of Ayurvedic formulations and their main ingredient Acacia catechu: Advancing evidence-based medicine

Key Points

The study quantifies phytoconstituents in ayurvedic formulations, revealing significant therapeutic potentials for inflammation and diabetes.
Results show catechin and other markers at varying percentages, with Lavangadi vati having the highest at 12.7%.
Utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography and molecular docking, the research explores multidimensional therapeutic implications.
These findings support the integration of traditional Ayurvedic practices with modern evidence-based medicine approaches.

Abstract

Background: The importance of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd has been found to be greatly enhanced in modern-day Ayurvedic medicine. It is used both as a single drug therapy as well as in the form of polyherbal formulations. Khadirarishta , Khadiradi vati , and Lavangadi vati represent three important Ayurvedic formulations containing A. catechu as the main ingredient. Aim: Exploring the scaffold for evidence-based medicine research with modern characterization tools to establish the multidimensional therapeutic activities of Khadirarishta , Khadiradi vati , and Lavangadi vati . Materials and Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of active phytoconstituents. Further, molecular docking (CB-Dock2) with PubChem and PDB structures revealed binding pockets and VINA scores for targets in Inflammation, Diabetes, Leprosy, Cancer, and Catechin. Results: The three formulations and their major ingredient A. catechu heartwood were quantified with four phytochemical markers catechin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, and ellagic acid, using HPLC. The percentage of catechin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, and ellagic acid (cumulative assay of a total 4 phytoconstituents) was 0.4% in the A. catechu heartwood, 7.48% in Khadiradi vati , 0.28% in Khadirarishta , and 12.7% in Lavangadi vati sample extracts. The qualitative screening of these formulations for four markers has been derived by mapping the marker’s presence using HPTLC and characteristic peaks using FTIR. Conclusions: The quantitative, qualitative, and quantitative structure-activity relationship hybrid combi modes were applied to yield a conclusive evidence base. The multidimensional therapeutic implications of these formulations in Inflammation, Diabetes, Leprosy, and Cancer as depicted in Ayurvedic literature were also explored using molecular docking study for the principal marker catechin.

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